Identificación y consecuencias de la edorexia / Identification and consequences of binge eating disorder

Introducción: Mediante la comprensión de los procesos biopsicosociales que subyacen a la ingesta excesiva de alimentos, se desea encontrar la solución a la epidemia de la obesidad. La edorexia constituye un síndrome psicológico en el que las personas que lo presentan tienen un apetito desproporcionado y excesivo. El diagnóstico diferencial de la edorexia se debe hacer con algunos de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la hiperfagia inducida por fármacos. Objetivo: Realizar una breve revisión sobre la edorexia, sus aspectos conceptuales, algunas dimensiones con las que se relaciona, y su repercusión en la salud del ser humano. Método: Se utilizó como buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se emplearon como palabras clave: edorexia, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, obesidad. Fueron evaluados artículos de revisión e investigación que, en general, tenían menos de 10 años de publicados. La búsqueda se realizó en idioma español, portugués e inglés. Los artículos seleccionados están indexados en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane y SciElo), así como páginas web. Fueron excluidos aquellos que no cumplieron con los objetivos y criterios enunciados, lo que permitió el estudio de 60 documentos, de los cuales, 33 fueron referenciados. Conclusiones: Edorexia, o comer por apetito, enfatiza las conductas problemas asociadas a la obesidad, y se compone de 4 elementos fundamentales: la dependencia, la evitación, el componente emocional y el déficit de bienestar psicológico. Es causa de frecuentes secuelas físicas y psicológicas. Se debe prevenir e identificar precozmente, para realizar su adecuado tratamiento y así evitar la afectación de la calidad de vida del paciente(AU)

Introduction: A solution to the obesity epidemic is intended to be found by understanding the biopsychosocial processes underlying excessive food intake. Binge eating disorder (BED) is a psychological syndrome in which sufferers have excessive, disproportionate appetite. A differential diagnosis should be made between binge eating disorder and other eating disorders as well as drug-induced hyperphagia. Objective: Conduct a brief review about binge eating disorder, its conceptual aspects, some dimensions with which it relates, and its impact on human health. Method: Scientific information was obtained from the search engine Google Scholar using the key words binge eating disorder, eating disorders and obesity. Most of the reviews and research studies evaluated had been published in the past 10 years. The search was conducted in Spanish, Portuguese and English. The papers selected were indexed on various databases (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, SciELO) and webpages. After excluding papers not meeting the stated aims and criteria, the sample was composed of 60 documents of which 33 were referenced. Conclusions: Binge eating disorder, aka compulsive overeating, enhances the problem behavior associated to obesity, and consists of 4 main elements: dependence, avoidance, the emotional component and psychological well-being deficit. On the other hand, it is the cause of frequent physical and psychological disorders. Early prevention and identification as well as indication of the appropriate treatment are all fundamental so that the quality of life of patients is not affected(AU)

Avaliação do índice de massa corporal de adolescentes e de seu conhecimento sobre nutrição

Nas últimas décadas ocorreu uma inversão nos padrões dos problemas nutricionais,passando da desnutrição à obesidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o IMC de adolescentes e seu conhecimento sobre a pirâmide alimentar e Nutrição. Participaram 122 alunos de uma escola particular de São Paulo, SP. Cada aluno recebeu uma folha contendo dados pessoais, três atividade lúdicas e uma questão aberta sobre alimentação saudável. A partir de peso e altura referidos, calculou-se o IMC, analisado pelas curvas de crescimento da OMS de 2006. Grande parte dos adolescentes (77,1 %) apresentou peso adequado; 20,5% sobrepeso; 1,6% obesidade e 0,8% baixo peso. A primeira atividade lúdica avaliou o conhecimento sobre nutrição (jogo de palavras cruzadas) e a maioria (63,9%) acertou todos os itens. No jogo dos erros (segunda atividade), 16,4% dos alunos identificaram todos os erros e 81,1% identificou 4, 5 ou 6 dos erros. Na questão sobre o nome dos grupos da Pirâmide Alimentar, 43% identificou todos os grupos. Na pergunta aberta, 39,4% respondeu que uma alimentação saudável é composta por todos os alimentos, sem exageros. Conclui-se que os adolescentes apresentaram bom conhecimento sobre a pirâmide alimentar e sobre conceitos de Nutrição e que,apesar da maioria apresentar estado nutricional adequado, ações educativas devem ser planejadas com o objetivo da reversão do excesso de peso.

In recent decades a reversal occurred in the patterns of nutritional problems, from malnutrition to obesity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the BMI of adolescents and their degree of knowledge about the Food Pyramid and healthful eating. The study was conducted with 122 students from a particular teaching unit in São Paulo, SP. Each student received an activity sheet containing personal data and four questions, three closed questions and one open question about healthful eating. From the reported height and weight, BM! for age was calculated and analyzed by WHO 2006 growth charts. Most adolescents 77.1% had normal weight, 20.5% were overweight, 1.6% with obesity and 0.8% had low weight. The first question assessed the knowledge about nutrition (crossword game) and most adolescents (63.9%) had a majority of correct answers. On the second question, 16.4% of students identified all errors, 81.1% identified 4, 5 or 6 errors. In the fourth question, the majority (43%) had a great performance by identifying all the groups of food pyramid. Regarding the open question, many of the students, 39.4% responded that a healthy diet is composed by all kinds of foods, without exaggeration. It can be concluded that adolescents are able to deal with the issue, revealing a smooth and broad knowledge. Healthy and educations actions are needed to treat cases of obesity, overweight and low weight.